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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Appalachian temperate rainforest ： ウィキペディア英語版 Appalachian temperate rainforest The Appalachian temperate rainforest is located in the southern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern U.S. About 351,500 square kilometers (135,000 square miles) of forest land is spread across southwestern Virginia, western North Carolina, northern Georgia, and eastern Tennessee.〔("Appalachian & Mixed Mesophytic Forests." ) WWF. WWF, n.d. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.〕〔("Leaf Gas Exchange of Understory Spruce–fir Saplings in Relict Cloud Forests, Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA." ) Reinhardt, Keith, and William K. Smith. Tree Physiology 28 (2007): 113-22. (Abstract).〕 The annual precipitation is more than 60 inches (over 1500mm).〔(Southern Appalachian Precipitation Study Figure 3. ) "National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office."NOAA, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.〕 The Southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest is a temperate rainforest located in the higher elevations in southwestern Virginia and western North Carolina.〔 Fir is dominant at higher elevation, spruce at middle elevation, and mixed forests at low elevation.〔DellaSala, Dominick A. Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World: Ecology and Conservation. Washington, DC: Island, 2011. Print.〕〔Tewksbury, C. E., and H. Van Miegroat. "Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics along a Climatic Gradient in a Southern Appalachian Spruce-fir Forest." National Research Council Canada 37 (2007): 1161-172. Web.〕〔Creed, I. F., D. L. Morrison, and N. S. Nicholas. "., Is Coarse Woody Debris a Net Sink or Source of Nitrogen in the Red Spruce – Fraser Fir Forest of the Southern Appalachians, U.S.A.?" National Research Council Canada 24 (2004): 716-27. Print.〕 ==Climate== The Appalachian temperate rainforest has a cool and mild climate. The mean annual low temperature is and high is . High altitudes of the rainforest receive less than of precipitation.〔 This temperate rainforest is classified as a perhumid temperate rainforest. It is one of four subtypes of temperate rainforest identified by Alabak, and it has a cool summer, typical transient snow in winter, mean annual temperature of , and summer rainfall is above 10% of the annual precipitation.〔 Precipitation in this area is more than evapotranspiration; as a result, the condition is wet whole year.〔 Moist air comes from the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic Ocean, and when they hit the Appalachian ranges then rain falls by the orographic effect.〔(" Drought in the Southern Appalachian temperate rainforest? Part 1." ) Coweeta Listening Project. N.p., 8 Oct. 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.〕 The high elevation is likely to cover clouds, which make the rate of evapotranspiration low and clouds are one of the water sources.〔 They are an important water source in this area; Interception by clouds supplies 20% to 50% of the annual water supply,〔〔 which is a relatively high rate. In the eastern Canada Temperate Rainforest, fog has a role of increasing precipitation about 5 to 8%.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Appalachian temperate rainforest」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.